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During the COVID-19 epidemic, blood samples are usually processed at 56 to attenuate the virus before pathogen detection. 71 blood samples of malaria patients reported by Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017-2019 were collected, including 38 with Plasmodium falciparum infection, 8 P. malariae, 11 P. ovale and 14 P. vivax. The effect of inactivation on the thermal stability of P. falciparum histidine rich protein II (PfHRPII) and Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) in blood samples was assessed before and after incubation at 56 for 30 min using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit. The results showed that among the 38 P. falciparum T1-positive (PfHRPII) blood samples before heat treatment, 35 samples remained to be T1-positive (92.11%, 35/38, chi2=3.123, P>0.05) after heat treatment;while 54 blood samples (26 P. falciparum, 6 P. vivax, 10 P. ovale and 12 P. vivax) that were T2-positive (pLDH) before heat treatment turned to be T2-negative (positive rate 0, 0/54, chi2=87.755, P<0.01) after heat treatment. It was demonstrated that PfHRPII is stable during incubation at 56 for 30 min, while pLDH is unstable and degraded or inactivated during the heating. Therefore, the detection results of P. falciparum will not be affected by RDT, but diagnosis of the parasites other than P. falciparum in blood samples may be missed.Copyright © 2021, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.
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Objective To assess the case-based malaria surveillance and response during the period of COVID-19 outbreak in China, in order to provide reference for malaria elimination under the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Information of malaria cases reported during the four months pre - and post-COVID -19 outbreak (December 1, 2019-March 31, 2020) and in the same time period of past two years in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan regions) was obtained from the Parasitic Disease Control Information Management System. Cross-sectional survey and comparison were conducted for malaria surveillance and response data in 3 four-month time periods (December 1, 2019 to January 22, 2020;January 23 to March 17, 2020;and March 18-31, 2020). The number of malaria cases including deaths, the median and average time interval from disease onset to the first visit, the median and average of time interval from the first visit to the confirmed diagnosis, the completion status of the #1-3-7$ task and the source of infections in each period were analyzed and compared to the same times in the past two years. Results From December 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, a total of 750 malaria cases, which were all imported cases, were reported in China, decreased by 9.2% from that reported during December 2018 and March 2019 (826 cases) and by 13.1% from that reported during December 2017 to March 2018 (863 cases). The decrease mainly occurred in February and March in 2020;there were no statistical differences in the time interval from onset to first visit (median 1 day, mean 2.0 days), time interval from first visit to confirmed diagnosis (median 1 day, mean 1.8 days), case reporting rate within 1 day (100%), case epidemiological investigation rate within 3 days (98.4%), epidemic site disposal rate within 7 days (100%) between the time period of COVID-19 outbreak and the same time in the past year (December 2018 to March 2019). In addition, no statistical difference (! > 0.05) was found in the time intervals from onset to first visit among the first period [median 1 d, average (1.9 +/- 0.2) d], the second period [median 1 d, average (2.1 +/- 0.3) d] and the third period [median 1 d, mean (1.5 +/- 0.3) d], while the time interval from the first visit to the confirmed diagnosis was statistically different (! X 0.05) among the first period [median 0 d, average (1.5 +/- 0.2) d], the second period [median 1 d, mean (2.3 +/- 0.3) d] and the third period [median 0.5 d, average (1.5 +/- 0.4) d], where the time interval in the second period was longer than that in the first period (! X 0.01). Conclusion China' s core measures to eliminate malaria have been carried out as planned, although the timely malaria diagnosis was slightly affected in the second time period (January 23 to March 17, 2020).Copyright © 2021, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.
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In order to improve airport network ' s ability to cope with emergencies, topological characteristics of Chinese airport network before and after COVID-19 were analyzed based on complex network theory. And the network was weighted by using node strength, and an invulnerability assessment method was developed after identifying inflection points of loss fitting curves for weighted network characteristics metrics under different attack strategies. The results show that the topological structure of airport weighted network has no significant changes before and after the pandemic, but its connectivity is slightly sparse. And the airport network in China is much more vulnerable under different intentional attack strategies. When attack ratio reaches 8. 6%, inflection point of loss fitting curves will appear, and relative loss of global network efficiency will amount to 24. 39%, while reduction rate of the largest connected subgraph reaches 14. 67%, and relative loss of average degree and average clustering coefficient is up to 76. 87% and 68. 84%, respectively. Moreover, loss of network efficiency and the largest connected subgraph reduction rate accelerates after inflection points, in which stage the network will be paralyzed. © 2022 China Safety Science Journal. All rights reserved.
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Acid deposition and particulate matter (PM) pollution have declined considerably in China. Although metal(loid) and acid deposition and PM have many common sources, the changes of metal(loid) deposition in China in the recent decade have not been well explored by using long-term monitoring. Therefore, we analyzed the dry and wet deposition of eleven metal(loid)s (including Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, and Zn) from 2017 to 2021 at Mount Emei, which is adjacent to the most economic-developed region in western China (Sichuan Basin (SCB)). Anthropogenic emissions contributed to over 80% of the annual wet deposition fluxes of metal(loid)s and acids (SO4 2-, NO3 -, and NH4 +) at Mount Emei, and the major source regions were the SCB, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and Gansu Province. Metal(loid) and acid deposition had similar seasonal variations with higher wet deposition fluxes in summer but higher wet deposition concentrations and dry fluxes in winter. The seasonal variations were partially associated with higher precipitation but lower pH in summer (968 mm and 5.52, respectively) than in winter (47 mm and 4.73, respectively). From 2017 to 2021, metal(loid) deposition did not decline as substantially as acid deposition (5.6%-30.4%). Both the annual total deposition fluxes and concentrations of Cr, Cu, Sr, Ba, and Pb were even higher in 2020-2021 than in 2017-2018. The inter-annual and seasonal changes implied the responses of metal(loid) deposition to anthropogenic emission changes were buffered (e.g., transformation, dilution, and degradation) by precipitation rates, acidity, natural emissions, and chemical reactions in the atmosphere, among others.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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Objective: To investigate the clinical value of outpatient screening in department of general surgery during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Method(s): The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 57 patients who visited surgery clinic and emergency department of Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology between February 1st and 26th in 2020 were collected. There were 30 males and 27 females, aged (53+/-16)years, with a range from 17 to 87 years. All the 57 patients were measured score of outpatient screening in department of general surgery. The score >=3 indicated high risk and the score < 3 indicated low risk. Observation indicators: (1) clinical data of patients;(2) score of outpatient screening for COVID-19 of patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean+/-SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed by the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (IQR), and comparison between groups was analyzed by the rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Result(s): (1) Clinical data of patients: of the 57 patients, there were 12 males and 14 females of the 26 confirmed or suspected cases, versus 18 males and 13 females of the 31 non-infection cases, showing no significant difference between the two groups (chi2=0.805, P>0.05). The 26 confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19 had an age of (57+/-16)years, and 31 non-infection cases had an age of (50+/-16) years, with no significant difference between the two groups (t=-1.646, P>0.05). (2) Score of outpatient screening for COVID-19 of patients: the score of outpatient screening for COVID-19 of the 26 confirmed or suspected cases was 3.0(4.0), versus 1.0(1.0) of the 31 non-infection cases, showing a significant difference between the two groups (Z=-3.695, P<0.05). There were 17 and 9 of the 26 confirmed or suspected cases with high risks and low risks, respectively, versus 3 and 28 of the 31 non-infection cases, with a significant difference between the two groups (chi2=19.266, P<0.05). Conclusion(s): During the COVID-19 outbreak, outpatient screening in department of general surgery can effectively screen out high-risk patients.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) is a class B infectious disease, which is prevented and controlled according to class A infectious diseases. Recently, children's NCP cases have gradually increased, and children's fever outpatient department has become the first strategic pass to stop the epidemic.Strengthening the management of the fever diagnosis process is very important for early detection of suspected children, early isolation, early treatment and prevention of cross-infection. This article proposes prevention and control strategies for fever diagnosis, optimizes processes, prevents cross-infection, health protection and disinfection of medical staff, based on the relevant diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control programs of the National Health and Health Commission and on the diagnosis and treatment experience of experts in various provinces and cities. The present guidance summarizes current strategies on pre-diagnosis;triage, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019-nCoV infection in common fever, suspected and confirmed children, which provide practical suggestions on strengthening the management processes of children's fever in outpatient department during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic period.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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Requesting personal information in frontline service encounters raises privacy concerns among customers. The proximity contact tracing that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic provides an intriguing context of information requests. Hospitality venues required contact tracing details from customers, and customer cooperation varied with concerns about privacy. Drawing on gossip theory, we investigate the roles of businesses' data privacy practices and government support in driving customers' responses to contact tracing. Our findings show that perceived transparency of a business's privacy practices has a positive effect on customers' commitment to the business, while perceived control exerts a negative effect on commitment. These effects are mediated by customers' information falsification rather than disclosure, because the former is a sensitive behavioral indicator of privacy concerns. The results also reveal the moderating roles of government support. This research contributes to the customer data privacy literature by demonstrating the distinct effects of perceived transparency and control on commitment and revealing the underlying mechanism. Moreover, the research extends the conceptual understanding of privacy practices from online contexts to face-to-face contexts of frontline service. The findings offer implications for the management of customer data privacy. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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During the Covid-19 global pandemic, exposure to cold cargo surfaces contaminated with Covid-19 was first identified as a potential cause of infection. Given that the epidemic situation in China is basically stable, epidemic prevention and control of cold chain cargo handling operations in Chinese ports is one of the key points for the country. It is concluded that the main risk link that may cause the spread of the epidemic is the unpacking of cold chain cargo containers by analyzing the process and characteristics of port cold chain cargo handling.In order to prevent imported epidemics from abroad, Chinese ports have taken countermeasures such as virus detection and sterilization. At present, nucleic acid detection measures have been adopted for the virus detection on the surface of goods, but the sampling quantity and method are lack of unified regulations, and the detection takes a long time. The mobile cabin PCR laboratories are used in some areas to improve the timeliness, and the virus detection on the surface of goods needs more sensitive and rapid detection technology. In the process of comprehensive preventive disinfection of goods, it was found that the disinfection efficiency of common disinfectants in low-temperature environment was greatly reduced, and a variety of new low-temperature disinfectants were rapidly developed. The disinfection technology based on deep UV LED, UV catalysis, nuclear radiation and other physical technologies have brought a new revolution to the disinfection of the new coronavirus on the surface of low-temperature objects.Due to the global pandemic of novel coronavirus and its continuous variation, technical measures for epidemic prevention and control have developed rapidly. From the prevention and control experience of Chinese ports in combating the epidemic, epidemic prevention and control is a systematic project, which requires the combination of various technical measures and close cooperation of multiple links. © 2022 SPIE.
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The unprecedented long-term online learning caused by COVID-19 has increased stress symptoms among students. The e-learning system reduces communications between teachers and students, making it difficult to observe student's mental issues and learning performance. This study aims to develop a non-intrusive method that can simultaneously monitor stress states and cognitive performance of student in the scenario of online education. Forty-three participants were recruited to perform a computer-based reading task under stressful and non-stressful conditions, and their eye-movement data were recorded. A tree ensemble machine learning model, named LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine), was utilized to predict stress states and reading performance of students with an accuracy of 0.825 and 0.793, respectively. An interpretable model, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation), was used to identify the most important eye-movement indicators and their effects on stress and reading performance. The proposed model can serve as a foundation for further development of user-centred services in e-learning system. © 2022 The authors and IOS Press.
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Introduction: Personal social networks impact the quality of life of people living with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Objective / Aims: To evaluate the dynamic associations between personal network features and neurological function in pwMS and control participants during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare with the pre-pandemic period. Method(s): We first analyzed data collected from 8 cohorts of pwMS and control participants during the COVID-19 pandemic from March-December 2020. We then leveraged data collected between 2017-2019 in 3 of the 8 cohorts for longitudinal comparison. Participants completed a personal network questionnaire, which quantified the structure and composition of each person's personal network, including the health behaviors of network members. Neurological disability was quantified by three interrelated patient-reported outcomes: Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS), Multiple Sclerosis Rating Scale-Revised (MSRS-R), and Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Physical Function. We identified the network features associated with neurologic disability using paired t-tests and covariate-adjusted regressions. Result(s): In the cross-sectional analysis of the pandemic data from 1130 pwMS and 1250 control participants, percentage of network members perceived to have a negative health influence was associated with greater neurological symptom burden in pwMS (MSRS-R: Beta[95% CI]=2.181[1.082, 3.279], p<.001) and worse physical function in control participants (PROMIS-Physical Function: Beta[95% CI]=-5.707[-7.405, -4.010], p<.001). In the longitudinal analysis of 230 pwMS and 136 control participants, the percentage of people contacted weekly or less (p<.001) decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic for both pwMS (0.30+/-0.26 v. 0.19+/-0.22) and controls (0.23+/-0.25 v. 0.15+/-0.21) when compared to the pre-pandemic period. PwMS further experienced a greater reduction in network size (p<.001), increase in constraint (a measure of close ties of the network, p<.001) and decrease in maximum degree (highest number of ties of a network member, p<.001) than controls during the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes in network features were not associated with worsening neurological disability. Conclusion(s): Our findings suggest that negative health influences in personal networks are associated with worse disability in all participants and COVID-19 pandemic led to contraction of personal networks to a greater extent for pwMS than controls.
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COVID-19 has become a worldwide epidemic. Prediction of COVID-19 is an effective way to control its spread. Recently, some research efforts have made great progress on this task. However, these works rarely combine both the temporal and spatial domains for case number prediction. Moreover, most of them are only suitable for short-term prediction tasks, which cannot achieve good long-term predicting effects. Therefore, we use a method that combines human-mobility factors and time-series factors - the Spatio-temporal convolutional network (G-TCN) to deal with these problems. Firstly, we use data on the mobility of people between regions to generate graphs of regional relationships. Secondly, to process the spatial information at each moment, we apply multi-layer graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) to aggregate multi-layer neighborhood information. And we input the information obtained by GCNs at different moments into temporal convolutional networks (TCNs), which are used to process the time-series information. Finally, we tested the proposed G-TCN method using datasets from four countries. The experimental results show that G-TCN has lower prediction errors than other comparison methods and can better fit the trend of COVID-19 development. © 2022 IEEE.
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During the COVID-19 epidemic, blood samples are usually processed at 56 ℃ to attenuate the virus before pathogen detection. 71 blood samples of malaria patients reported by Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017-2019 were collected, including 38 with Plasmodium falciparum infection, 8 P. malariae, 11 P. ovale and 14 P. vivax. The effect of inactivation on the thermal stability of P. falciparum histidine rich protein Ⅱ (PfHRPⅡ) and Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) in blood samples was assessed before and after incubation at 56 ℃ for 30 min using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit. The results showed that among the 38 P. falciparum T1-positive (PfHRPⅡ) blood samples before heat treatment, 35 samples remained to be T1-positive (92.11%, 35/38, χ2=3.123, P>0.05) after heat treatment;while 54 blood samples (26 P. falciparum, 6 P. vivax, 10 P. ovale and 12 P. vivax) that were T2-positive (pLDH) before heat treatment turned to be T2-negative (positive rate 0, 0/54, χ2=87.755, P<0.01) after heat treatment. It was demonstrated that PfHRPⅡ is stable during incubation at 56 ℃ for 30 min, while pLDH is unstable and degraded or inactivated during the heating. Therefore, the detection results of P. falciparum will not be affected by RDT, but diagnosis of the parasites other than P. falciparum in blood samples may be missed. © 2021, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy is a major barrier to achieving herd immunity against COVID-19. This is especially apparent in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), who were largely excluded from seminal vaccine trials. Objectives/Aims: To assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and early safety/tolerability in patients with MS and related disorders. Methods: Participants were recruited from multiple academic centers as part of the MS Resilience to COVID-19 (MSReCOV) Study Consortium. Statistical analysis was performed on responses to vaccine-specific questionnaires completed between February 24th and April 28th, 2021. Results: 1761 participants completed the vaccine questionnaire, including 1081(62%) with MS or another neuroinflammatory disease (NID), and 657(38%) controls. By survey completion, 1150(65%) participants had been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 with Pfizer(n=526, 54%), Moderna(n=415, 43%), Johnson & Johnson(n=22, 2%), AstraZeneca(n=2, 0.2%), or unknown(n=3, 0.3%). 82%(n=568) of MS/NID were on disease modifying therapy at the time of vaccination. Hesitancy rates were similar between MS/NID and controls(p=0.39), with 32% of unvaccinated participants(n=597, 34%) either unsure or not planning to be vaccinated. The most common reasons for hesitancy in patients with MS/NID pertained to vaccines being understudied in the autoimmune population(n=35, 54%), triggering a demyelinating event(n=30, 46%), or being too new(n=24, 37%). Of the MS/NID participants vaccinated with mRNA vaccines, 42%(n=240) and 45%(n=178) reported side effects(SE) after the first and second doses, respectively. Higher rates of SEs were noted in the MS/NID group after the second dose (67% vs. 45%;p<0.0001;RR 1.5, 95%CI:1.3 - 1.7). Most common SEs in the MS/NID groups were arm soreness(n=278, 85%), flu-like symptoms(n=139, 42%), and headache(n=23, 7%). Only 1 MS/ NID patient (vs. 3 controls) reported a neurologic SE other than headache, described as transient numbness. When comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated MS/NID patients, there was no difference in rates of recurrent neurologic symptoms(p=0.45), new neurologic symptoms(p=0.65) or new/ active lesions detected on MRI(p=0.35). Conclusions: Reasons for vaccine hesitancy in MS/NID population include lack of study in autoimmune population and fear of relapse. In this early analysis we found a higher rate of expected SEs after second mRNA dose but no evidence of worsening neurologic disease.
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PURPOSE: Kinesin spindle protein is an attractive target for cancer treatment since it plays an important role in mitosis without directly affecting microtubules. LH031 is a highly selective inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein, which has demonstrated preclinical antimyeloma activity. This phase 1 study was conducted to evaluated dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) and determined a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for LH031 in Chinese patients with Refractory/Resistance Multiple Myeloma (RRMM).The pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary efficacy of LH031 were also evaluated. METHODS: A non-randomized, single-center, open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 trial was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of single or multiple escalation dose (20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg) of LH031 given as schedule of oral once a day. LH031 was administered on Day 1~5 of each week for 3 weeks (21 days) per cycle. A standard 3+3 dose escalation design was employed. An expansion cohort was conducted at the MTD. Pharmacokinetics was evaluated in plasma. A major efficacy evaluation was performed at the end of each treatment cycle. RESULTS: The study is still on going, at present there are 6 patients received LH031 and completion of all visits, divided equally into 20mg and 30mg cohort. Patients in each cohort had received a median of 6 prior therapies. DLTs reported in two patients dosed at 30mg. Both of the DLTs were neutropenia. The most commonly reported treatment-related AEs were hematological toxicity (e.g. neutropenia, lymphocytopenia, leukocytopenia) that were similar to other Eg5 inhibitors. The main severe adverse events (CTCAE grade 3 or 4) in the 20mg and 30 mg dose groups were leukocytopenia and neutropenia, and they were all reversible. Neurotoxicity related to LH031 was not observed. Efficacy data demonstrated that the best response was Stable Disease(SD) and Disease Control Rate (DCR, ≥SD[≥8 weeks]) was 50%. The longest treatment time was 177 days, even though PFS was determined according to the last tumor evaluation before the COVID period (D88). The PK data shows that T1/2 are approximately 20h in Chinese patients, which is longer than Caucasian (10h);Chinese AUC for 20mg is also higher than that of Caucasian (1996 h*ng/ml vs. 476 h*ng/ml);the exposure at 20mg dose group is close to that at 50 mg dose in Caucasian. These PK parameter indicates that the elimination of LH031 is slower in Chinese patients compared with Caucasian. CONCLUSIONS: The current phase 1 study showed that LH031 was an accepted safety profile at 20mg. DLTs was expected and reversible. MTD is to be determined by recruiting 3 more subjects at 20mg dose. It demonstrated that the elimination rate of LH031 in Chinese patients was slower than Caucasian. The monotherapy showed some benefit to RRMM, Phase 2 clinical trials are being planned to include various combination therapies with existing treatments (e.g. lenalidomide, dexamethasone, bortezomib) for MM to benefit more potential refractory/resistance MM patients. Disclosures: Song: Link Health Group: Current Employment.
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Objective: To explore the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) during lung transplantation anesthesia, and summarize the experience. Methods: From December 2016 to December 2020, the clinical data of 19 patients with lung transplantation using ECMO during anesthesia in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 19 patients, the main diagnosis were chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in 5 cases, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in 6 cases, bronchiectasis in 2 cases, pneumoconiosis in 4 cases, Kartagener syndrome in 1 case, and COVID-19 with advanced pulmonary fibrosis in 1 case. A total of 9 patients used ECMO to complete the operation. ECMO was used in 2 cases before anesthesia and 7 cases received ECMO treatment after anesthesia. Among them, 5 cases were veno-venous (V-V) ECMO and 4 cases were veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO. During operation, V-A ECMO was changed to veno-artery-vein (V-A-V) ECMO in 1 case, another case used V-V plus V-A ECMO. After operation, 4 cases removed ECMO successfully and returned to the intensive care unit, and 5 cases took ECMO back to the intensive care unit. Among them, 4 cases removed ECMO successfully and 1 case failed due to multiple infections. Among the 10 patients who did not receive ECMO, 1 patient had cardiac arrest during the operation. Conclusion: ECMO is an important auxiliary tool in lung transplantation. Accurate evaluation of patients' cardiopulmonary function and use of ECMO, according to their oxygenation and circulatory status, can provide effective support for lung transplantation anesthesia. © 2021, Editorial Board of Medical Journal of Wuhan University. All right reserved.
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Objective: To investigate the gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of COVID-19 and retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with GI symptoms. Methods: Data of 137 COVID-19 inpatients treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 1 to February 29, 2020 were collected. Patients were divided into GI group and Non-GI group according to the presence of digestive system abnormalities and gastrointestinal symptoms before and during admission. General data, clinical data, and relevant laboratory examination results of 137 patients were collected. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis to compare the differences of various indicators between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the clinical data and the clinical manifestations of fever and dry cough between the GI group and the Non-GI group (P>0.05). The proportion of patients with fatigue in the GI group was higher than that in the Non-GI group (P<0.001). The proportion of critically ill patients was greater than that of the Non-GI group (P=0.011), and the proportion of GI combined with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic liver disease was higher than that of the Non-GI group (all P<0.05). GI group mortality rate was much higher than that of Non-GI group (P<0.001). Patients with GI group had higher white blood cell count and neutrophil count than Non-GI (P<0.001). The proportion of neutrophils, lymphocytes as well as lymph between the two groups had no statistical difference (P>0.05). The proportion of monocytes in the GI group was lower than that in the Non-GI group (P=0.033). There was no statistical difference in platelet count and C-reactive protein level between the two groups (P>0.05). LDH, TBIL, and Urea levels of GI group were higher than those of Non-GI group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in other cardiac, liver and kidney function tests, PT and APTT values between the two groups (P>0.05), but D-dimer in GI group was higher than in Non-GI group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients, and patients with other underlying diseases are at greater risk for developing gastrointestinal symptoms. COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms progress more rapidly, have a higher mortality rate, and exhibit certain concomitant symptoms and laboratory tests that are specific to COVID-19. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the digestive system abnormalities and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients during clinical work. © 2021, Editorial Board of Medical Journal of Wuhan University. All right reserved.
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Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 128 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 1 to February 29, 2020 were divided into CVD group (n=62) and non-CVD group (n=66). The general data, admission symptoms and laboratory examination results including blood routine, immunity, heart, liver and kidney function were obtained and statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0 statistical software. The differences of various indexes between CVD group and non-CVD group were compared. Results: There was no significant difference in gender between CVD group and non-CVD group(P>0.05).The average age of CVD group was higher than that of non-CVD group (P<0.001). The proportion of fever and cough, severe and critical patients was higher than that respectively of non-CVD group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of fatigue, dyspnea, and asymptomatic between the two groups (all P>0.05). The average levels of eukocyte count, neutrophil ratio, neutrophil count, monocyte count, and C-reactive protein in CVD group were higher than those in non-CVD group (all P<0.05), while the average lymphocyte proportion in CVD group was lower than that in non-CVD group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in lymphocyte count and platelet count between the two groups (both P>0.05). The average LDH, myohemoglobin, CK-MB, NT-proBNP, TBIL, and Urea in CVD group were higher than those in non-CVD group (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in ALT, AST, and Cr between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with non-CVD patients with COVID-19, CVD patients with COVID-19 are older, have more obvious symptoms, with a higher risksin heart, liver, and kidney injury, but the mechanism is not clear yet. © 2021, Editorial Board of Medical Journal of Wuhan University. All right reserved.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, online teaching has become the mainstream way of teaching in colleges and universities, and various novel online teaching models have emerged successively. Based on analysis of the hybrid teaching model, this article explains how to use the hybrid teaching model based on the rain classroom to carry out teaching in university online classrooms. And by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the teaching model in instructional application, the article proposes corresponding improvement measures. © 2020 IEEE.